{
  "brand": "Pricebookr",
  "slug": "hvac-contractor-statistics",
  "title": "HVAC Contractor Statistics: Pay, Payroll & Pricing",
  "description": "Dated HVAC pay, contractor payroll and homeowner quote statistics from BLS, Census, Jobber and Modernize. Original sources and CSV data.",
  "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
  "publishedOn": "2026-09-25",
  "nextReview": "2026-12-15",
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "bls",
      "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics",
      "title": "HVAC mechanics and installers: Occupational Outlook Handbook",
      "url": "https://www.bls.gov/ooh/installation-maintenance-and-repair/heating-air-conditioning-and-refrigeration-mechanics-and-installers.htm",
      "published": "2026-08-27",
      "method": "OEWS wages (May 2025) and Employment Projections (2025–2035). Wage estimates exclude self-employed workers; projections include them. Openings include replacement needs.",
      "verification": "Original publisher page opened and figures read; direct shell requests were blocked.",
      "reuse": "U.S. government statistical data; attribution retained.",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
    },
    {
      "id": "cbp-us",
      "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
      "title": "2023 County Business Patterns: United States",
      "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cbp/datasets/2023/cbp23us.zip",
      "published": "2025-06-26",
      "method": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers. Employment is mid-March. Payroll is annual, reported in thousands of dollars. Disclosure noise applies.",
      "verification": "HTTP 200; CSV extracted from original ZIP; NAICS 238220, LFO -.",
      "reuse": "U.S. government statistical data; attribution retained.",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
      "sha256": "3f9018f807f1ffd7bcbb00690f9792573bc2bc6bb4cfab9df14ca7ab3eac0862"
    },
    {
      "id": "cbp-state",
      "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
      "title": "2023 County Business Patterns: states and DC",
      "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cbp/datasets/2023/cbp23st.zip",
      "published": "2025-06-26",
      "method": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers. Employment is mid-March. Payroll is annual, reported in thousands of dollars. Disclosure noise applies.",
      "verification": "HTTP 200; 51 all-legal-form records extracted from original ZIP; NAICS 238220, LFO -.",
      "reuse": "U.S. government statistical data; attribution retained.",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
      "sha256": "9fc306ecc4f9633092e2432c2db2acdf53798da0480e6f6beeb953d583b41ede"
    },
    {
      "id": "jobber",
      "publisher": "Jobber",
      "title": "2026 Home Service Trends Report",
      "url": "https://www.getjobber.com/home-service-trends-report/",
      "published": "2026 report; day not stated",
      "method": "Conjointly surveyed 1,050 U.S. home-service owners in December 2025. Self-reports; subgroup sample sizes unspecified.",
      "verification": "Original publisher page opened; prose and chart labels checked. Shell requests blocked.",
      "reuse": "Brief factual extracts, paraphrased labels; original report and artwork not reproduced.",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
    },
    {
      "id": "homebuyer",
      "publisher": "Jobber",
      "title": "Recent Homebuyer Reality Check",
      "url": "https://www.getjobber.com/recent-homebuyer-report/",
      "published": "2026 report; day not stated",
      "method": "Coleman Parkes, May 2026: 800 U.S. single-family homebuyers from the preceding two years, equally split across four generations.",
      "verification": "Original publisher page opened; figures and methodology read. Shell requests blocked.",
      "reuse": "Brief factual extracts, paraphrased labels; original report and artwork not reproduced.",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
    },
    {
      "id": "modernize",
      "publisher": "Modernize",
      "title": "2025 Homeowner Insights Report",
      "url": "https://modernize.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Homeowner-Insights-Report-2025.pdf",
      "published": "2025 report; day not stated",
      "method": "Home-improvement audience surveyed July–October 2025 (PDF page 4). Each question has its own response count; probability sampling and country breakdown are not disclosed.",
      "verification": "HTTP 200; original PDF downloaded; figures, page numbers and question sample sizes checked.",
      "reuse": "Selected factual figures with new charts; original report and artwork not reproduced.",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
      "sha256": "aba169d1147e25a54a3165c44ac30f590c8eacddd4b13887f989cc672d03de7a"
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "pay",
      "title": "HVAC technician pay",
      "intro": "The national median annual HVAC technician wage was $61,010 in May 2025. The employer-industry medians below describe technicians working in each industry; they are not customer billing rates.",
      "scope": "BLS wage estimates; United States; May 2025. Occupational code 49-9021 unless another occupation is named.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "id": "pay-median",
          "label": "HVAC technician median",
          "value": 61010,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "May 2025",
          "population": "HVAC technician median",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Pay",
          "note": "Annual wage. Percentile thresholds are not starting or maximum salaries.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "pay-p10",
          "label": "HVAC technician 10th-percentile threshold",
          "value": 40050,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "May 2025",
          "population": "HVAC technician 10th-percentile threshold",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Pay",
          "note": "Annual wage. Percentile thresholds are not starting or maximum salaries.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "pay-p90",
          "label": "HVAC technician 90th-percentile threshold",
          "value": 95210,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "May 2025",
          "population": "HVAC technician 90th-percentile threshold",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Pay",
          "note": "Annual wage. Percentile thresholds are not starting or maximum salaries.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "pay-contractors",
          "label": "HVAC technicians at plumbing / HVAC contractors",
          "value": 60030,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "May 2025",
          "population": "HVAC technicians at plumbing / HVAC contractors",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Pay",
          "note": "Annual wage. Percentile thresholds are not starting or maximum salaries.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "pay-wholesale",
          "label": "HVAC technicians in wholesale trade",
          "value": 71190,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "May 2025",
          "population": "HVAC technicians in wholesale trade",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Pay",
          "note": "Annual wage. Percentile thresholds are not starting or maximum salaries.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "pay-retail",
          "label": "HVAC technicians in retail trade",
          "value": 62830,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "May 2025",
          "population": "HVAC technicians in retail trade",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Pay",
          "note": "Annual wage. Percentile thresholds are not starting or maximum salaries.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "pay-education",
          "label": "HVAC technicians in educational services",
          "value": 62520,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "May 2025",
          "population": "HVAC technicians in educational services",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Pay",
          "note": "Annual wage. Percentile thresholds are not starting or maximum salaries.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "pay-repair",
          "label": "Installation, maintenance and repair occupations: median",
          "value": 59620,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "May 2025",
          "population": "Installation, maintenance and repair occupations: median",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Pay",
          "note": "Annual wage. Percentile thresholds are not starting or maximum salaries.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "pay-all",
          "label": "All occupations: median",
          "value": 50980,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "May 2025",
          "population": "All occupations: median",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Pay",
          "note": "Annual wage. Percentile thresholds are not starting or maximum salaries.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        }
      ],
      "chartTitle": "HVAC technician annual wages",
      "chartNote": "BLS • May 2025 • annual USD • wage estimates, not labor burden",
      "chartIds": [
        "pay-p10",
        "pay-median",
        "pay-p90"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "employment-outlook",
      "title": "HVAC employment and outlook",
      "intro": "BLS projects 40,600 HVAC technician openings per year over 2025–2035. That includes replacements for people leaving the occupation; it is not a count of currently unfilled jobs.",
      "scope": "United States; BLS Employment Projections. Forecasts are rounded and are not guarantees.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "id": "outlook-jobs",
          "label": "HVAC technician employment",
          "value": 440900,
          "unit": "jobs",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "2025",
          "population": "HVAC technician employment",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Job Outlook / Employment projections table",
          "note": "",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "outlook-future",
          "label": "Projected HVAC technician employment",
          "value": 489100,
          "unit": "jobs",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "2035 projection",
          "population": "Projected HVAC technician employment",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Job Outlook / Employment projections table",
          "note": "",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "outlook-openings",
          "label": "Average annual HVAC technician openings",
          "value": 40600,
          "unit": "openings/year",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "2025–2035 projection",
          "population": "Average annual HVAC technician openings",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Job Outlook / Employment projections table",
          "note": "",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "outlook-growth",
          "label": "HVAC technician employment growth",
          "value": 11,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "2025–2035 projection",
          "population": "HVAC technician employment growth",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Job Outlook / Employment projections table",
          "note": "",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "outlook-repair-growth",
          "label": "Installation, maintenance and repair employment growth",
          "value": 5,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "2025–2035 projection",
          "population": "Installation, maintenance and repair employment growth",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Job Outlook / Employment projections table",
          "note": "",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "outlook-all-growth",
          "label": "All-occupation employment growth",
          "value": 3,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "2025–2035 projection",
          "population": "All-occupation employment growth",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Job Outlook / Employment projections table",
          "note": "",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        }
      ],
      "chartTitle": "Projected employment growth",
      "chartNote": "BLS • 2025–2035 • percent change, rounded",
      "chartIds": [
        "outlook-growth",
        "outlook-repair-growth",
        "outlook-all-growth"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "employers",
      "title": "Where HVAC technicians work",
      "intro": "Contracting businesses employ the largest published share of HVAC technicians. These selected employer categories do not cover the entire workforce.",
      "scope": "United States; HVAC mechanics and installers; 2025 employment share.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "id": "employer-contractors",
          "label": "Plumbing, heating and AC contractors",
          "value": 68,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "2025",
          "population": "HVAC mechanics and installers",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Work Environment / largest employers",
          "note": "",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "employer-self",
          "label": "Self-employed",
          "value": 6,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "2025",
          "population": "HVAC mechanics and installers",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Work Environment / largest employers",
          "note": "",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "employer-wholesale",
          "label": "Wholesale trade",
          "value": 3,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "2025",
          "population": "HVAC mechanics and installers",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Work Environment / largest employers",
          "note": "",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "employer-education",
          "label": "Educational services",
          "value": 3,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "2025",
          "population": "HVAC mechanics and installers",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Work Environment / largest employers",
          "note": "",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "employer-retail",
          "label": "Retail trade",
          "value": 3,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "bls",
          "period": "2025",
          "population": "HVAC mechanics and installers",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Work Environment / largest employers",
          "note": "",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        }
      ],
      "chartTitle": "HVAC technician employer mix",
      "chartNote": "BLS • 2025 • selected categories; not an exhaustive distribution",
      "chartIds": [
        "employer-contractors",
        "employer-self",
        "employer-wholesale",
        "employer-education",
        "employer-retail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "industry-scale",
      "title": "How large is the plumbing and HVAC contractor industry?",
      "intro": "The 2023 Census benchmark counts 111,207 paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting across the United States. A business with several locations can have several establishments.",
      "scope": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers. This industry includes commercial work as well as residential service.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "id": "us-est",
          "label": "U.S. contractor establishments",
          "value": 111207,
          "unit": "establishments",
          "sourceId": "cbp-us",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "cbp23us.txt; uscode=98; naics=238220; lfo=-; est",
          "note": "Establishments, not firms.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 111207,
          "rawField": "est",
          "rawRecord": "US"
        },
        {
          "id": "us-emp",
          "label": "U.S. contractor industry employment",
          "value": 1214761,
          "unit": "employees",
          "sourceId": "cbp-us",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "cbp23us.txt; uscode=98; naics=238220; lfo=-; emp",
          "note": "Employment covers the pay period including March 12.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 1214761,
          "rawField": "emp",
          "rawRecord": "US"
        },
        {
          "id": "us-ap",
          "label": "U.S. contractor industry annual payroll",
          "value": 89519407000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-us",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "cbp23us.txt; uscode=98; naics=238220; lfo=-; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 89519407,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "US"
        }
      ],
      "chartTitle": "",
      "chartNote": "",
      "chartIds": []
    },
    {
      "id": "state-ap",
      "title": "Contractor annual payroll by state",
      "intro": "Compare the size of contractor payrolls across all 50 states and DC. These are annual industry payroll totals, not average technician salaries or recommended wages.",
      "scope": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers. Data year: 2023.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "id": "state-01-ap",
          "label": "Alabama",
          "value": 1061270000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Alabama",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=01; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 1061270,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "01"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-02-ap",
          "label": "Alaska",
          "value": 165695000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Alaska",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=02; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 165695,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "02"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-04-ap",
          "label": "Arizona",
          "value": 2281316000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Arizona",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=04; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 2281316,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "04"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-05-ap",
          "label": "Arkansas",
          "value": 655116000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Arkansas",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=05; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 655116,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "05"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-06-ap",
          "label": "California",
          "value": 10859374000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "California",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=06; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 10859374,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "06"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-08-ap",
          "label": "Colorado",
          "value": 1738728000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Colorado",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=08; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 1738728,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "08"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-09-ap",
          "label": "Connecticut",
          "value": 902470000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Connecticut",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=09; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 902470,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "09"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-10-ap",
          "label": "Delaware",
          "value": 338069000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Delaware",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=10; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 338069,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "10"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-11-ap",
          "label": "District of Columbia",
          "value": 132953000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "District of Columbia",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=11; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 132953,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "11"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-12-ap",
          "label": "Florida",
          "value": 5766710000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Florida",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=12; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 5766710,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "12"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-13-ap",
          "label": "Georgia",
          "value": 2279675000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Georgia",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=13; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 2279675,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "13"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-15-ap",
          "label": "Hawaii",
          "value": 335032000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Hawaii",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=15; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 335032,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "15"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-16-ap",
          "label": "Idaho",
          "value": 625447000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Idaho",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=16; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 625447,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "16"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-17-ap",
          "label": "Illinois",
          "value": 3491463000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Illinois",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=17; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 3491463,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "17"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-18-ap",
          "label": "Indiana",
          "value": 2024104000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Indiana",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=18; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 2024104,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "18"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-19-ap",
          "label": "Iowa",
          "value": 1050811000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Iowa",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=19; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 1050811,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "19"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-20-ap",
          "label": "Kansas",
          "value": 799069000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Kansas",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=20; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 799069,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "20"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-21-ap",
          "label": "Kentucky",
          "value": 1019332000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Kentucky",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=21; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 1019332,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "21"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-22-ap",
          "label": "Louisiana",
          "value": 877165000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Louisiana",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=22; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 877165,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "22"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-23-ap",
          "label": "Maine",
          "value": 316882000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Maine",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=23; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 316882,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "23"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-24-ap",
          "label": "Maryland",
          "value": 2260094000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Maryland",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=24; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 2260094,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "24"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-25-ap",
          "label": "Massachusetts",
          "value": 2713661000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Massachusetts",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=25; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 2713661,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "25"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-26-ap",
          "label": "Michigan",
          "value": 2318259000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Michigan",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=26; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 2318259,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "26"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-27-ap",
          "label": "Minnesota",
          "value": 1796193000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Minnesota",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=27; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 1796193,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "27"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-28-ap",
          "label": "Mississippi",
          "value": 417667000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Mississippi",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=28; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 417667,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "28"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-29-ap",
          "label": "Missouri",
          "value": 1780340000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Missouri",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=29; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 1780340,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "29"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-30-ap",
          "label": "Montana",
          "value": 297247000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Montana",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=30; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 297247,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "30"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-31-ap",
          "label": "Nebraska",
          "value": 706575000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Nebraska",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=31; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 706575,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "31"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-32-ap",
          "label": "Nevada",
          "value": 1341743000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Nevada",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=32; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 1341743,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "32"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-33-ap",
          "label": "New Hampshire",
          "value": 437045000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "New Hampshire",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=33; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 437045,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "33"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-34-ap",
          "label": "New Jersey",
          "value": 2387839000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "New Jersey",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=34; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 2387839,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "34"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-35-ap",
          "label": "New Mexico",
          "value": 396093000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "New Mexico",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=35; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 396093,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "35"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-36-ap",
          "label": "New York",
          "value": 5224688000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "New York",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=36; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 5224688,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "36"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-37-ap",
          "label": "North Carolina",
          "value": 2788002000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "North Carolina",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=37; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 2788002,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "37"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-38-ap",
          "label": "North Dakota",
          "value": 239479000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "North Dakota",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=38; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 239479,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "38"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-39-ap",
          "label": "Ohio",
          "value": 2685594000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Ohio",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=39; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 2685594,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "39"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-40-ap",
          "label": "Oklahoma",
          "value": 749597000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Oklahoma",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=40; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 749597,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "40"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-41-ap",
          "label": "Oregon",
          "value": 1336889000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Oregon",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=41; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 1336889,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "41"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-42-ap",
          "label": "Pennsylvania",
          "value": 3364780000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Pennsylvania",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=42; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 3364780,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "42"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-44-ap",
          "label": "Rhode Island",
          "value": 335763000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Rhode Island",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=44; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 335763,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "44"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-45-ap",
          "label": "South Carolina",
          "value": 1173905000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "South Carolina",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=45; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 1173905,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "45"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-46-ap",
          "label": "South Dakota",
          "value": 269874000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "South Dakota",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=46; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 269874,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "46"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-47-ap",
          "label": "Tennessee",
          "value": 1667081000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Tennessee",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=47; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 1667081,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "47"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-48-ap",
          "label": "Texas",
          "value": 7377017000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Texas",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=48; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 7377017,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "48"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-49-ap",
          "label": "Utah",
          "value": 1061237000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Utah",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=49; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 1061237,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "49"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-50-ap",
          "label": "Vermont",
          "value": 162121000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Vermont",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=50; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 162121,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "50"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-51-ap",
          "label": "Virginia",
          "value": 2379111000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Virginia",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=51; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 2379111,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "51"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-53-ap",
          "label": "Washington",
          "value": 2964140000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Washington",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=53; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 2964140,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "53"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-54-ap",
          "label": "West Virginia",
          "value": 165427000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "West Virginia",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=54; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 165427,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "54"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-55-ap",
          "label": "Wisconsin",
          "value": 1849380000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Wisconsin",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=55; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 1849380,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "55"
        },
        {
          "id": "state-56-ap",
          "label": "Wyoming",
          "value": 151885000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-state",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers.",
          "geography": "Wyoming",
          "locator": "cbp23st.txt; naics=238220; lfo=-; fipstate=56; ap",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD; Census noise flag G",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 151885,
          "rawField": "ap",
          "rawRecord": "56"
        }
      ],
      "chartTitle": "Largest state payrolls",
      "chartNote": "Census CBP • 2023 • NAICS 238220 • top 8 states by annual payroll",
      "chartIds": [
        "state-06-ap",
        "state-48-ap",
        "state-12-ap",
        "state-36-ap",
        "state-17-ap",
        "state-42-ap",
        "state-53-ap",
        "state-37-ap"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "business-size",
      "title": "Contractor payroll by establishment size",
      "intro": "Size classes refer to employment at each establishment. They do not describe the employee count of an entire multi-location company.",
      "scope": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers. National totals; 2023.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "id": "size-under-5-a",
          "label": "Fewer than 5 employees",
          "value": 6262088000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-us",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers. Establishment size: Fewer than 5 employees",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "cbp23us.txt; uscode=98; naics=238220; lfo=-; a<5",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 6262088,
          "rawField": "a<5",
          "rawRecord": "US"
        },
        {
          "id": "size-5_9-a",
          "label": "5–9 employees",
          "value": 7601440000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-us",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers. Establishment size: 5–9 employees",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "cbp23us.txt; uscode=98; naics=238220; lfo=-; a5_9",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 7601440,
          "rawField": "a5_9",
          "rawRecord": "US"
        },
        {
          "id": "size-10_19-a",
          "label": "10–19 employees",
          "value": 11259372000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-us",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers. Establishment size: 10–19 employees",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "cbp23us.txt; uscode=98; naics=238220; lfo=-; a10_19",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 11259372,
          "rawField": "a10_19",
          "rawRecord": "US"
        },
        {
          "id": "size-20_49-a",
          "label": "20–49 employees",
          "value": 18452857000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-us",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers. Establishment size: 20–49 employees",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "cbp23us.txt; uscode=98; naics=238220; lfo=-; a20_49",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 18452857,
          "rawField": "a20_49",
          "rawRecord": "US"
        },
        {
          "id": "size-50_99-a",
          "label": "50–99 employees",
          "value": 13952774000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-us",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers. Establishment size: 50–99 employees",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "cbp23us.txt; uscode=98; naics=238220; lfo=-; a50_99",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 13952774,
          "rawField": "a50_99",
          "rawRecord": "US"
        },
        {
          "id": "size-100_249-a",
          "label": "100–249 employees",
          "value": 16262770000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-us",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers. Establishment size: 100–249 employees",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "cbp23us.txt; uscode=98; naics=238220; lfo=-; a100_249",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 16262770,
          "rawField": "a100_249",
          "rawRecord": "US"
        },
        {
          "id": "size-250_499-a",
          "label": "250–499 employees",
          "value": 7919082000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-us",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers. Establishment size: 250–499 employees",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "cbp23us.txt; uscode=98; naics=238220; lfo=-; a250_499",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 7919082,
          "rawField": "a250_499",
          "rawRecord": "US"
        },
        {
          "id": "size-500_999-a",
          "label": "500–999 employees",
          "value": 4521691000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-us",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers. Establishment size: 500–999 employees",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "cbp23us.txt; uscode=98; naics=238220; lfo=-; a500_999",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 4521691,
          "rawField": "a500_999",
          "rawRecord": "US"
        },
        {
          "id": "size-1000-a",
          "label": "1,000+ employees",
          "value": 3287333000,
          "unit": "USD",
          "sourceId": "cbp-us",
          "period": "2023",
          "population": "Paid-employee establishments in plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contracting (2017 NAICS 238220); all legal forms; all employee roles; excludes nonemployers. Establishment size: 1,000+ employees",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "cbp23us.txt; uscode=98; naics=238220; lfo=-; a1000",
          "note": "Annual payroll × 1,000 to USD.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25",
          "rawValue": 3287333,
          "rawField": "a1000",
          "rawRecord": "US"
        }
      ],
      "chartTitle": "Industry payroll by size",
      "chartNote": "Census CBP • 2023 • NAICS 238220 • establishment employee bands",
      "chartIds": [
        "size-under-5-a",
        "size-5_9-a",
        "size-10_19-a",
        "size-20_49-a",
        "size-50_99-a",
        "size-100_249-a",
        "size-250_499-a",
        "size-500_999-a",
        "size-1000-a"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "price-changes",
      "title": "Home-service price changes",
      "intro": "Jobber’s owner survey separates reported price changes by trade and revenue. Use these results as context when reviewing a pricebook; they do not establish what any shop should charge.",
      "scope": "December 2025; U.S. owner survey; n=1,050 overall. Subgroup sizes unspecified. Price-change question refers to the preceding year.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "id": "increase-all",
          "label": "All businesses",
          "value": 65,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "jobber",
          "period": "Dec 2025 survey",
          "population": "All businesses among surveyed home-service owners",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Confident pricing drives profitable growth",
          "note": "Share reporting a price increase in the prior year; subgroup sample not stated.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "increase-hvac",
          "label": "HVAC",
          "value": 83,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "jobber",
          "period": "Dec 2025 survey",
          "population": "HVAC among surveyed home-service owners",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Confident pricing drives profitable growth",
          "note": "Share reporting a price increase in the prior year; subgroup sample not stated.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "increase-roofing",
          "label": "Roofing",
          "value": 74,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "jobber",
          "period": "Dec 2025 survey",
          "population": "Roofing among surveyed home-service owners",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Confident pricing drives profitable growth",
          "note": "Share reporting a price increase in the prior year; subgroup sample not stated.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "increase-cleaning",
          "label": "Cleaning",
          "value": 55,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "jobber",
          "period": "Dec 2025 survey",
          "population": "Cleaning among surveyed home-service owners",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Confident pricing drives profitable growth",
          "note": "Share reporting a price increase in the prior year; subgroup sample not stated.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "increase-large",
          "label": "$500K+ revenue",
          "value": 80,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "jobber",
          "period": "Dec 2025 survey",
          "population": "$500K+ revenue among surveyed home-service owners",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Confident pricing drives profitable growth",
          "note": "Share reporting a price increase in the prior year; subgroup sample not stated.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "increase-small",
          "label": "Under $100K revenue",
          "value": 54,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "jobber",
          "period": "Dec 2025 survey",
          "population": "Under $100K revenue among surveyed home-service owners",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Confident pricing drives profitable growth",
          "note": "Share reporting a price increase in the prior year; subgroup sample not stated.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "increase-new",
          "label": "New businesses",
          "value": 42,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "jobber",
          "period": "Dec 2025 survey",
          "population": "New businesses among surveyed home-service owners",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Confident pricing drives profitable growth",
          "note": "Share reporting a price increase in the prior year; subgroup sample not stated.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        }
      ],
      "chartTitle": "Owners reporting a price increase",
      "chartNote": "Jobber • Dec 2025 survey • prior-year changes • selected trade groups",
      "chartIds": [
        "increase-all",
        "increase-hvac",
        "increase-roofing",
        "increase-cleaning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "pricing-confidence",
      "title": "How confident are owners in their pricing?",
      "intro": "Confidence is a self-assessment. It does not show that a price covers labor burden, overhead, callbacks or profit.",
      "scope": "Jobber owner survey; December 2025; n=1,050 overall. Displayed percentages total 99% because of rounding.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "id": "confidence-very",
          "label": "Very confident",
          "value": 55,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "jobber",
          "period": "Dec 2025 survey",
          "population": "U.S. home-service owners; n=1,050",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Confidence comes from structure / pricing-confidence chart",
          "note": "",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "confidence-somewhat",
          "label": "Somewhat confident",
          "value": 39,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "jobber",
          "period": "Dec 2025 survey",
          "population": "U.S. home-service owners; n=1,050",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Confidence comes from structure / pricing-confidence chart",
          "note": "",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "confidence-not",
          "label": "Not very confident",
          "value": 5,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "jobber",
          "period": "Dec 2025 survey",
          "population": "U.S. home-service owners; n=1,050",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Confidence comes from structure / pricing-confidence chart",
          "note": "",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        }
      ],
      "chartTitle": "Self-reported pricing confidence",
      "chartNote": "Jobber • Dec 2025 • share of surveyed owners",
      "chartIds": [
        "confidence-very",
        "confidence-somewhat",
        "confidence-not"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "quote-shopping",
      "title": "How many quotes do homeowners compare?",
      "intro": "Two quotes was the most common answer in this Modernize question. These are intended comparisons for an upcoming project, not a measured close rate.",
      "scope": "Homeowners answering how many contractors’ quotes they will compare. Modernize 2025 report; n=10,353 for this question. Fieldwork: July–October 2025.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "id": "quote-shopping-one",
          "label": "One quote",
          "value": 18.9,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "modernize",
          "period": "Jul–Oct 2025",
          "population": "Homeowners answering how many contractors’ quotes they will compare. n=10,353.",
          "geography": "Modernize home-improvement audience; country breakdown undisclosed",
          "locator": "PDF page 25, Figure 14; 2025 column",
          "note": "Fieldwork July–October 2025; PDF page 4. Published category labels retained in the ledger.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "quote-shopping-two",
          "label": "Two quotes",
          "value": 40.96,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "modernize",
          "period": "Jul–Oct 2025",
          "population": "Homeowners answering how many contractors’ quotes they will compare. n=10,353.",
          "geography": "Modernize home-improvement audience; country breakdown undisclosed",
          "locator": "PDF page 25, Figure 14; 2025 column",
          "note": "Fieldwork July–October 2025; PDF page 4. Published category labels retained in the ledger.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "quote-shopping-three",
          "label": "Three quotes",
          "value": 25.72,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "modernize",
          "period": "Jul–Oct 2025",
          "population": "Homeowners answering how many contractors’ quotes they will compare. n=10,353.",
          "geography": "Modernize home-improvement audience; country breakdown undisclosed",
          "locator": "PDF page 25, Figure 14; 2025 column",
          "note": "Fieldwork July–October 2025; PDF page 4. Published category labels retained in the ledger.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "quote-shopping-four",
          "label": "Four or more quotes",
          "value": 14.41,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "modernize",
          "period": "Jul–Oct 2025",
          "population": "Homeowners answering how many contractors’ quotes they will compare. n=10,353.",
          "geography": "Modernize home-improvement audience; country breakdown undisclosed",
          "locator": "PDF page 25, Figure 14; 2025 column",
          "note": "Fieldwork July–October 2025; PDF page 4. Published category labels retained in the ledger.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        }
      ],
      "chartTitle": "How many quotes do homeowners compare?",
      "chartNote": "Modernize • July–October 2025 • question n=10,353",
      "chartIds": [
        "quote-shopping-one",
        "quote-shopping-two",
        "quote-shopping-three",
        "quote-shopping-four"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "financing",
      "title": "How much of a project would homeowners finance?",
      "intro": "Respondents selected how much of an upcoming project they would want to finance if financing were available. These responses are preferences, not loan approvals or borrowing outcomes.",
      "scope": "Homeowners answering a hypothetical project-financing question. Modernize 2025 report; n=12,269 for this question. Fieldwork: July–October 2025.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "id": "financing-quarter",
          "label": "Up to 25% of project",
          "value": 23.59,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "modernize",
          "period": "Jul–Oct 2025",
          "population": "Homeowners answering a hypothetical project-financing question. n=12,269.",
          "geography": "Modernize home-improvement audience; country breakdown undisclosed",
          "locator": "PDF page 23, Figure 12; 2025 column",
          "note": "Fieldwork July–October 2025; PDF page 4. Published category labels retained in the ledger.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "financing-half",
          "label": "Up to 50% of project",
          "value": 31.68,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "modernize",
          "period": "Jul–Oct 2025",
          "population": "Homeowners answering a hypothetical project-financing question. n=12,269.",
          "geography": "Modernize home-improvement audience; country breakdown undisclosed",
          "locator": "PDF page 23, Figure 12; 2025 column",
          "note": "Fieldwork July–October 2025; PDF page 4. Published category labels retained in the ledger.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "financing-three-quarter",
          "label": "Up to 75% of project",
          "value": 3.28,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "modernize",
          "period": "Jul–Oct 2025",
          "population": "Homeowners answering a hypothetical project-financing question. n=12,269.",
          "geography": "Modernize home-improvement audience; country breakdown undisclosed",
          "locator": "PDF page 23, Figure 12; 2025 column",
          "note": "Fieldwork July–October 2025; PDF page 4. Published category labels retained in the ledger.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "financing-all",
          "label": "Entire project",
          "value": 18.77,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "modernize",
          "period": "Jul–Oct 2025",
          "population": "Homeowners answering a hypothetical project-financing question. n=12,269.",
          "geography": "Modernize home-improvement audience; country breakdown undisclosed",
          "locator": "PDF page 23, Figure 12; 2025 column",
          "note": "Fieldwork July–October 2025; PDF page 4. Published category labels retained in the ledger.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "financing-none",
          "label": "None of project",
          "value": 22.68,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "modernize",
          "period": "Jul–Oct 2025",
          "population": "Homeowners answering a hypothetical project-financing question. n=12,269.",
          "geography": "Modernize home-improvement audience; country breakdown undisclosed",
          "locator": "PDF page 23, Figure 12; 2025 column",
          "note": "Fieldwork July–October 2025; PDF page 4. Published category labels retained in the ledger.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        }
      ],
      "chartTitle": "How much of a project would homeowners finance?",
      "chartNote": "Modernize • July–October 2025 • question n=12,269",
      "chartIds": [
        "financing-quarter",
        "financing-half",
        "financing-three-quarter",
        "financing-all",
        "financing-none"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "quote-friction",
      "title": "What discourages homeowners from hiring?",
      "intro": "These selected responses identify friction in a contractor’s sales process. Respondents could choose multiple answers; the results cannot be added into a rejection rate.",
      "scope": "Homeowners selecting sales attributes that make them least likely to hire. Modernize 2025 report; n=8,258 for this question. Fieldwork: July–October 2025.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "id": "quote-friction-pushy",
          "label": "Sales pressure",
          "value": 37.9,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "modernize",
          "period": "Jul–Oct 2025",
          "population": "Homeowners selecting sales attributes that make them least likely to hire. n=8,258.",
          "geography": "Modernize home-improvement audience; country breakdown undisclosed",
          "locator": "PDF page 14, Figure 7; 2025 column",
          "note": "Fieldwork July–October 2025; PDF page 4. Multiple selections allowed.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "quote-friction-confusing",
          "label": "Unclear quote",
          "value": 32.6,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "modernize",
          "period": "Jul–Oct 2025",
          "population": "Homeowners selecting sales attributes that make them least likely to hire. n=8,258.",
          "geography": "Modernize home-improvement audience; country breakdown undisclosed",
          "locator": "PDF page 14, Figure 7; 2025 column",
          "note": "Fieldwork July–October 2025; PDF page 4. Multiple selections allowed.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "quote-friction-listening",
          "label": "Needs not addressed",
          "value": 31.4,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "modernize",
          "period": "Jul–Oct 2025",
          "population": "Homeowners selecting sales attributes that make them least likely to hire. n=8,258.",
          "geography": "Modernize home-improvement audience; country breakdown undisclosed",
          "locator": "PDF page 14, Figure 7; 2025 column",
          "note": "Fieldwork July–October 2025; PDF page 4. Multiple selections allowed.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "quote-friction-professionalism",
          "label": "Unprofessional conduct",
          "value": 30.4,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "modernize",
          "period": "Jul–Oct 2025",
          "population": "Homeowners selecting sales attributes that make them least likely to hire. n=8,258.",
          "geography": "Modernize home-improvement audience; country breakdown undisclosed",
          "locator": "PDF page 14, Figure 7; 2025 column",
          "note": "Fieldwork July–October 2025; PDF page 4. Multiple selections allowed.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "quote-friction-timeline",
          "label": "Missing completion timeline",
          "value": 28.9,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "modernize",
          "period": "Jul–Oct 2025",
          "population": "Homeowners selecting sales attributes that make them least likely to hire. n=8,258.",
          "geography": "Modernize home-improvement audience; country breakdown undisclosed",
          "locator": "PDF page 14, Figure 7; 2025 column",
          "note": "Fieldwork July–October 2025; PDF page 4. Multiple selections allowed.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        },
        {
          "id": "quote-friction-communication",
          "label": "Communication gap",
          "value": 25.4,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "modernize",
          "period": "Jul–Oct 2025",
          "population": "Homeowners selecting sales attributes that make them least likely to hire. n=8,258.",
          "geography": "Modernize home-improvement audience; country breakdown undisclosed",
          "locator": "PDF page 14, Figure 7; 2025 column",
          "note": "Fieldwork July–October 2025; PDF page 4. Multiple selections allowed.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        }
      ],
      "chartTitle": "What discourages homeowners from hiring?",
      "chartNote": "Modernize • July–October 2025 • question n=8,258 • multiple selections",
      "chartIds": [
        "quote-friction-pushy",
        "quote-friction-confusing",
        "quote-friction-listening",
        "quote-friction-professionalism",
        "quote-friction-timeline",
        "quote-friction-communication"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "buyer-priorities",
      "title": "What do recent homebuyers want before hiring?",
      "intro": "A written price can help a homeowner understand the proposed work. The finding below concerns expressed priorities in a survey, not the effect of any quoting software.",
      "scope": "U.S. recent single-family homebuyers; Jobber-commissioned survey; May 2026; n=800, with equal generation groups.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "id": "buyer-pricing",
          "label": "Upfront pricing / written estimate: top priority",
          "value": 42,
          "unit": "%",
          "sourceId": "homebuyer",
          "period": "May 2026",
          "population": "Recent U.S. single-family homebuyers; n=800",
          "geography": "United States",
          "locator": "Clear pricing builds confidence",
          "note": "Highest-priority pre-hiring information; not HVAC-specific.",
          "checkedOn": "2026-09-25"
        }
      ],
      "chartTitle": "",
      "chartNote": "",
      "chartIds": []
    }
  ]
}